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casement and the irish brigade recruited from irish pows "there is no living in being an irish patriot" casement the irish brigade, raised by casement from irish prisoners of war in germany, is hard to research as none of those involved seemed to want to be linked to the irish brigade after the war. neither the men nor their families, nor their regimental histories, nor the british army nor the british nor the irish governments, nor the republican organisations. the whole enterprise sank into obscurity. nobody wanted to know. some of the men left memoirs but very little was actually printed, and their own stories have remained hidden in attics or thrown out as rubbish. one can however recover a lot of what happened with the irish brigade. apart from the extensive writings by keogh, kavanagh and monteith, there is plunkett's diary, casement's writings and the german records unearthed by doerries. i have read the original records made by rahilly, mcdonagh, mahony, quinlisk and meade. plus service records and their family input from bailey, burke, daly, delamore, forde, golden, greer, kennedy, long, mccabe, murphy j, o'callaghan j, sweeny p, my intention has been to examine the irish bridge from the bottom up, and not from the top down. that is from the point of view of the men who volunteered. so i have not gone into why casement tried to raise the brigade, nor do i go into the detail of his negotiations with the german government. in the end only 56 of the pows joined the irish brigade out of casement's figure of 2200 men that the germans put into limburg camp as "irish" pows. it is a sad tale of men who, in succession, became an embarrassment to the german government, the british government and finally the irish government casement had been in the united states when war broke out, and he travelled to germany with support from various irish-american groups. he arrived in berlin on 31st october 1914. soon after his arrival, on nov 2nd 1914, he had an interview with zimmermann, state secretary for foreign affairs. among the points agreed was the moving of irish prisoners of war to one camp, limburg. the mechanics of creating a special camp for irish prisoners and actually moving them there happened remarkable quickly, with over 2000 irish prisoners moved to limburg by christmas 1914. 1914 dec 6. in a letter to count wedel , his day to day german foreign office contact, casement states that he had visited the limburg camp. this appears to have been his first visit. he went to see the priests who had been sent to minister to the prisoners, at this point crotty and o'gorman . o'gorman left a few days before father nicholson arrived. casement stayed at limburg for 4 days, leaving for berlin on 10th dec. only small numbers of irish prisoners had arrived at limburg by this time, but not the main group of some 1500 who arrived 17th december. quinlisk and macmurrough appear to have been the only men to approach casement with a view to joining an irish brigade after this foray into limburg. 1914 dec 17. 1500 irish prisoners, including michael keogh, arrived in limburg. there were already earlier irish arrivals from other camps, primarily doebritz bei berlin and neustadt an der ashe. keogh records that they were housed in "fine" wooden huts at limburg, with 50 men to the two rooms in each hut and "beds on wooden trestles and sufficient blankets". by early january 1915 casement is citing 2200 irish prisoners in limburg. but from the start there was resistance to casement. the senior british ncos sent a message to the camp commandant stating that they wanted no special treatment as "in addition to being irish catholics, we have the honour to be british soldiers". some recruits like sgt mcmurrough of the leinsters appear to have come and gone on deciding that the rewards were not good enough. casement's negotiations with the german government resulted in an agreement for the germans to supply arms and ammunition to irish republicans, to support an independent irish government, and to authorise the formation of an irish brigade, raised from irish prisoners of war in germany, in the german army. this treaty was signed on 23 dec 1914 by casement and the german foreign office. with this document as his foundation, casement set out to get his recruits from mainly irish regular soldiers captured in 1914 and early 1915. recruiting stopped when the 55 recruits were moved to zossen in july 1915. after that they only attracted one more recruit, wilson in early winter 1915. casement visited limburg camp again in early 1915 and was poorly received by the men. there were calls like "how much are the germans paying you?", and cheers for john redmond. there is some evidence that the camp was put on a starvation diet to try to force recruitment. conditions were certainly harsh as reported in debriefing of irish pows. whilst it is difficult to know if their diet was worse than in other pow camps at that time, the british military intelligence believed that most of those joining did so in order to get better treatment, and even casement admitted that very few joined him out of patriotism. the british view was that “many of the 56 were young men frightened by the pressure put upon them or driven to compliance by hunger; many were men with questionable records, only a dozen or less could be classed as political malcontents." . the consensus of opinion from eventual members of the brigade was that only keogh, quinlisk, o'toole, dowling and kavanagh were "serious" about the use of an irish brigade in ireland 1915 jan 23. father nicholson , a roman catholic priest sent by irish american interests, arrived at limburg from the end of jan 1915 and stayed until mid june 1915. for most of this time he was the sole recruiter for the irish brigade. the other priest sat this time, father crotty , avoided politics, and acted solely as a priest. casement made a few recruiting speeches, but in reality father nicholson was in sole charge of sounding out men until plunkett arrived and the main bout of recruiting interviews took place between 9 may and 18 may 1915. kavanagh states categorically that casement did no actual man to man recruiting. that was done by 7 agents who worked in conjunction with father nicholson. the seven early men, who were active before plunkett arrived on 7 may 1915 at limburg and organised formal interviews of potential recruits outside the wire. kavanagh names keogh, quinlisk, dowling, o'toole, kavanagh, granaghan, delamore as the agents. he misses out bailey, whom i think must have been one as well. potential men were vetted against them being spies, though it is difficult to see how they might have done this thoroughly. one does not know whether a british agent joined the brigade. 1915 mar 20. casement requests that quinlisk and keogh from among the prisoners, should be sent to him secretly in berlin. they appear, at at this date, to be his only recruits. 1915 mar 27. dowling joins as the third recruit. one can see that casement's absence and nicholson's low key approach, is not yielding many recruits 1915 apr 6, casement writes to count wedel asking for some 66 named men to be removed from limburg on the grounds that "they are englishmen pure and simple, or wholly pro-english, and therefore hostile to the effort to form an irish brigade. their removal will have a salutary affect, as they have been terrorising the well disposed among the irish soldiers" by early april 1915 there appear to have only been 8 men in the irish brigade, so it was no wonder that casement was despondent. 1915 apr 20. joseph plunkett , a friend of casement and co-founder of the irish volunteers, visited casement in germany, and secured german agreement to supply arms to ireland. 1915 early may. the three men, keogh, quinlisk and dowling, drove to a big tailoring establishment in berlin accompanied by boehm and casement, to be measured for their new irish brigade uniforms, which were ready for the

URL analysis for irishbrigade.eu

http://www.irishbrigade.eu/photos/quinlisk-letter-nov-1915.jpg
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/egypt/1916-jan-24/egypt.html
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/camps/limburg.html
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/recruits/keogh-patrick.html
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/other-men/germans/nadolny/nadolny.html
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/camps/quadsow/quadsow.html
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/british-policy.html
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/recruits/o'toole.html
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/other-men/priests/o'gorman.html
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/lists/goey-list/goey-list.html
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/recruits/o'callaghan-2.html
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/recruits/quinlisk.html
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/recruits/burke.html
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/camps/danzig.html
http://www.irishbrigade.eu/recruits/ryan.html

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Domain: irishbrigade.eu

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